What is N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine (NALT)?
N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine (NALT) found in HMN24 Flow is a modified form of L-Tyrosine, an amino acid that plays a critical role in the production of important neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine (collectively called catecholamines).
These neurotransmitters are crucial for cognitive performance, mood regulation, and stress response.
In NALT, an acetyl group is added to L-Tyrosine, which makes it more water-soluble and potentially enhances its absorption and bioavailability. NALT is often used as a nootropic supplement for improving mental energy, focus, and resilience to stress.
L-Tyrosine effectively enhances cognitive performance, particularly in short-term stressful and/or cognitively demanding situations. L-tyrosine has been shown to be an effective enhancer of cognition when dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) levels are depleted.
Why did we include in FLOW and not in RISE?
Dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) levels are likely to be lower as we move into the afternoon, contributing to the "afternoon slump." This phenomenon can result from a combination of physiological and environmental factors that deplete neurotransmitter levels or reduce their functional efficiency.
Why Dopamine and Norepinephrine Decrease During the Afternoon Slump
Neurotransmitter Utilisation:
Both dopamine and norepinephrine are heavily utilised throughout the day for cognitive tasks, decision-making, and maintaining attention.
Prolonged mental effort and stress can deplete the brain's available pool of these neurotransmitters, leaving you feeling fatigued or unmotivated by the afternoon.
Circadian Rhythms:
Neurotransmitter production and activity follow circadian patterns.
Dopamine and norepinephrine levels tend to be higher in the morning and may naturally decline in the afternoon, coinciding with dips in alertness and focus.
Stress Response:
Stress can increase the demand for dopamine and norepinephrine to maintain performance and resilience.
In response to sustained stress or mental strain, these neurotransmitters may temporarily deplete, leading to diminished cognitive function.
Blood Sugar Levels:
Fluctuations in blood sugar can also indirectly affect dopamine and norepinephrine availability.
A post-lunch dip in energy, often related to digestion or blood sugar regulation, can exacerbate feelings of fatigue.
Sleep and Fatigue:
Insufficient sleep or accumulated fatigue from prior days can reduce dopamine receptor sensitivity or lower overall dopamine synthesis, making the afternoon slump more pronounced.
How Dopamine and Norepinephrine Depletion Contributes to the Afternoon Slump
Dopamine Depletion:
Low dopamine levels are associated with reduced motivation, difficulty concentrating, and feelings of mental exhaustion.
This makes tasks feel more tedious or challenging during the afternoon slump.
Norepinephrine Depletion:
Norepinephrine is critical for maintaining attention and alertness.
Reduced norepinephrine levels lead to poor focus, decreased mental clarity, and an overall drop in cognitive performance.
How L-Tyrosine (and NALT) Can Help
Replenishes Dopamine and Norepinephrine Precursors:
L-Tyrosine (and its derivative N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, NALT) provides the raw material for synthesising dopamine and norepinephrine, helping to restore neurotransmitter levels when depleted.
Supports Stress Adaptation:
L-Tyrosine can improve stress resilience and mental performance during demanding situations by maintaining adequate neurotransmitter levels.
Improves Cognitive Function Under Depletion:
Studies show that L-Tyrosine is most effective when neurotransmitter levels are temporarily depleted due to stress or cognitive load, making it an ideal supplement for mitigating the afternoon slump.
Conclusion
The afternoon slump often coincides with reduced dopamine and norepinephrine availability, contributing to cognitive fatigue and diminished focus. Supplementing with L-Tyrosine or NALT can help counteract this by replenishing neurotransmitter precursors, enhancing cognitive performance, and improving mental clarity during this time.
REFERENCES & SUMMARY
Cognitive Performance Under Stress:
Hase, A., Jung, S. E., & aan het Rot, M. (2015). Behavioural and cognitive effects of tyrosine intake in healthy human adults. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 133, 1-6.
This study highlights how L-Tyrosine supplementation can mitigate cognitive decline in stressful or cognitively demanding situations by replenishing dopamine and norepinephrine levels.
Stress Resilience and Neurotransmitter Support:
Jongkees, B. J., Hommel, B., Kühn, S., & Colzato, L. S. (2015). Effect of tyrosine supplementation on clinical and healthy populations under stress or cognitive demands—A review. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 70, 50-57.
This review discusses how L-Tyrosine supplementation supports neurotransmitter levels during acute stress, contributing to improved cognitive resilience and emotional stability.
Neurotransmitter Depletion and Cognitive Recovery:
Deijen, J. B., Wientjes, C. J., Vullinghs, H. F., Cloin, P. A., & Langefeld, J. J. (1999). Tyrosine improves cognitive performance and reduces blood pressure in cadets after one week of a combat training course. Brain Research Bulletin, 48(2), 203-209.
This study shows that tyrosine supplementation aids in cognitive performance recovery when neurotransmitters are depleted during prolonged stress, indirectly helping individuals manage stressful situations more effectively.
Mood Regulation and Dopamine/Norepinephrine Synthesis:
Fernstrom, J. D., & Fernstrom, M. H. (2007). Tyrosine, brain function, and stress: An update. Nutrition Reviews, 65(2), 77-82.
This paper explores the role of tyrosine in neurotransmitter synthesis and its potential to improve stress-related mood impairments.
Tyrosine and Cognitive Flexibility:
Colzato, L. S., Jongkees, B. J., Sellaro, R., & Hommel, B. (2013). Working memory reloaded: Tyrosine repletes updating in the N-back task. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 7, 200.
Findings suggest that tyrosine enhances cognitive flexibility and working memory, which may help individuals cope with stress-induced anxiety better.
Blog posts
The First 7 Minutes After Waking: Why They Matter More Than You Think
Modern neuroscience confirms what ancient traditions have practised for millennia: the first few minutes after you wake up are biologically powerful.
Your brain doesn’t flick on like a light switch. It transitions, slowly and delicately, through a cascade of brainwave states:
Delta → Theta → Alpha → Beta
These transitions reflect the shift from deep sleep (delta), through drowsiness and subconscious processing (theta), into relaxed awareness (alpha), and eventually into full alertness (beta).
Gamma, the fastest and most subtle of the brainwave frequencies, is typically associated with heightened cognitive processing, insight, and peak states of consciousness. While not dominant in the first few minutes of waking, gamma activity can emerge later in the morning, or more rapidly in trained meditators, when the brain begins to integrate thought, emotion, and sensory input into a coherent experience.
This means that during the first 5 to 10 minutes of wakefulness, you’re not fully asleep, but you’re not fully awake either. You’re in a unique, mouldable neurobiological state that scientists call a neuroplastic window, where your brain is most open to new programming.
This is your most influential moment of the day.
What’s Happening in Your Brain
During this waking transition:
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The Default Mode Network (DMN), the brain’s internal narrator, begins to light up. It controls self-talk, emotional tone, and how we perceive ourselves and the world (Smallwood et al., 2021; Edlow et al., 2024).
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The Reticular Activating System (RAS) switches on. It decides what’s important by scanning your environment through the lens of your current emotional state (Negelspach et al., 2025).
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Your brain hemispheres synchronise, promoting coherence, clarity, and creative thinking (Wang et al., 2025).
Stressful first thoughts?
The RAS filters your day through threat detection.
Grateful first thoughts?
It scans for opportunity, healing, and connection.
Your first thoughts are not neutral. They set your emotional and cognitive trajectory for the entire day (Yadav & Purushotham, 2025; Devaney et al., 2021).
You’re Not Just a Mind in a Body
You are an electromagnetic system living in a connected field of energy. Research now supports what mystics, monks, and performance experts have known for decades:
Your thoughts become biology. Your biology becomes behaviour. Your behaviour becomes your future.
When your intention (mental clarity) aligns with an elevated emotion (like awe, gratitude, or joy), you begin to create physiological coherence, a synchronised state between your brain, heart, and nervous system (Ahn et al., 2021; Bukkieva et al., 2022).
In this state:
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Synaptic pathways rewire
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Your immune system balances
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Emotional resilience strengthens
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Gene expression can shift
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Your nervous system "memorises" a new baseline (Valenta et al., 2025; Titone et al., 2023)
Your 7-Minute Morning Protocol
You don’t need technology. You don’t need a perfect routine.
You just need awareness and intention.
Here is a practical protocol, backed by neuroscience, to help you rewire your mind and body from the moment you wake up:
Step-by-Step 7-Minute Morning Protocol
You don’t need technology. You don’t need a perfect routine.
You need awareness and intention.
The first few minutes after waking are a powerful biological window—a period of heightened neuroplasticity and emotional influence. What you do in this time shapes how your nervous system responds to the world for the rest of the day.
Here’s a practical step-by-step protocol to guide those first moments with intention:
1. Wake Gently
Let your body come to naturally. Avoid harsh alarms that jolt your system into a stress response. Give yourself permission to rise slowly, without urgency.
2. Avoid Your Phone
Reaching for your phone immediately forces your brain into beta waves (high-alert mode), disrupting the slower, more programmable states of theta and alpha. Stay in the softness of waking. Let your internal world settle before external stimuli intrude.
3. Place Your Hand on Your Heart
This simple act grounds you. It activates the vagus nerve, supporting emotional regulation and heart-brain coherence. Let your attention settle into your body.
4. Breathe Slowly and Deeply
Inhale through the nose for 4 seconds, exhale through the mouth for 6. Repeat for 3 to 4 minutes. This breathing pattern supports parasympathetic activation—bringing calm, focus, and internal alignment.
5. Cultivate an Elevated Emotional State
Bring to mind someone or something you deeply love. Recall a moment of awe, joy, or deep gratitude. Smile gently. Let your body feel calm, safe, and expansive. This is not about performance—it’s about coherence.
6. Speak Like Your Future Self
Now that your system is receptive, introduce affirmations—spoken internally or aloud—as your future self would speak them. Use intentional, emotionally resonant language.
Here are some modern, grounded affirmations to guide you:
Personal Leadership & Direction
Affirmations that reinforce clarity, self-trust, and inner authority:
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“I lead my life with clarity and calm direction.”
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“I respond with purpose, not pressure.”
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“I honour progress over perfection today.”
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“I am becoming the version of me I respect.”
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“I trust my process. I’m already aligned.”
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“I am exactly where I need to be to take the next step.”
Resilience & Adaptability
Affirmations that support emotional flexibility and grounded strength:
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“Whatever arises, I meet it with presence and capacity.”
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“I am wired for change and built for resilience.”
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“Challenge sharpens me. I stay grounded in motion.”
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“I move from centre, not from stress.”
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“My nervous system is calm, and my mind is clear.”
Focus & Intentional Action
Affirmations that support mental clarity, focus, and productive intention:
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“Today I move with direction, not distraction.”
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“I choose energy that matches my intention.”
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“I prioritise what matters. The rest can wait.”
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“Peace is my default. Focus is my return point.”
Gratitude & Emotional Coherence
Affirmations that promote emotional alignment and heart-brain synchrony:
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“This day is a gift. I meet it with quiet strength.”
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“I feel supported, resourced, and ready.”
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“My heart leads. My body follows. My mind aligns.”
Each of these is a message to your nervous system, spoken as if the future is already embodied. Use them in stillness. Speak them with emotion. Let your physiology anchor the future you’re rehearsing.
7. Visualise Your Desired Reality
Now, visualise your ideal day, state, or outcome, not as a hope, but as if it has already occurred. Let it play in your mind’s eye with detail and emotional texture. This isn’t wishing. It’s rehearsing coherence.
Why It Works
This process works because it aligns with your biology:
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Neuroplasticity is at its peak during transitional states, especially when paired with strong emotions and repetition (Chen et al., 2025).
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The Reticular Activating System (RAS) filters your environment through the emotional lens you set at waking (Devaney et al., 2021).
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Coherence between heart and brain enhances clarity, memory, and immune response (Mueller et al., 2021; Jespersen et al., 2024).
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Repeating these patterns daily helps your nervous system establish them as a new baseline (Dennison, 2024; Ma et al., 2023).
Final Thoughts
The first seven minutes of your day are not a luxury. They are leverage.
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Coherence is the signal.
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Intention is the vector.
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Emotion is the charge.
So tomorrow morning, don’t scroll. Don’t rehearse stress.
Instead, tune your frequency.
Let your thoughts direct your biology. Let your body believe before your mind begins to doubt.
Your brain is listening.
Your cells are listening.
The field is listening.
Train it. Shape it. Repeat it.
References
Aggarwal, A. (2025). Brain connectivity using EEG data. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.26.634935
Ahn, J., Lee, D., Namkoong, K., & Jung, Y. (2021). Altered functional connectivity of the salience network in problematic smartphone users. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.636730
Bukkieva, T., Pospelova, M., Efimtsev, A., Fionik, O., Alekseeva, T., Samochernych, K., & Shevtsov, M. (2022). Functional network connectivity reveals the brain functional alterations in breast cancer survivors. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(3), 617. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11030617
Chen, J., Lewis, L., Coursey, S., Catana, C., Polimeni, J., Fan, J., & Rosen, B. (2025). Simultaneous EEG-PET-MRI identifies temporally coupled, spatially structured hemodynamic and metabolic dynamics across wakefulness and NREM sleep. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.17.633689
Devaney, K., Levin, E., Tripathi, V., Higgins, J., Lazar, S., & Somers, D. (2021). Attention and default mode network assessments of meditation experience during active cognition and rest. Brain Sciences, 11(5), 566. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050566
Dennison, P. (2024). The enigma of jhāna and implications for neuroscience, consciousness studies and research methodology. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/ncp25
Edlow, B., Olchanyi, M., Freeman, H., Li, J., Maffei, C., Snider, S., & Kinney, H. (2024). Multimodal MRI reveals brainstem connections that sustain wakefulness in human consciousness. Science Translational Medicine, 16(745). https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.adj4303
Hardikar, S., McKeown, B., Schaare, H., Wallace, R., Xu, T., Lauckner, M., & Smallwood, J. (2024). Macro-scale patterns in functional connectivity associated with ongoing thought patterns and dispositional traits. eLife, 13. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.93689
Jespersen, K., Stevner, A., Kringelbach, M., Someren, E., Vidaurre, D., & Vuust, P. (2024). Modelling of brain dynamics reveals reduced switching between brain states in insomnia disorder – a resting-state fMRI study. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.11.27.625644
Ma, M., Li, Y., Shao, Y., & Weng, X. (2023). Effect of total sleep deprivation on effective EEG connectivity for young males in resting-state networks in different eye states. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1204457
Mueller, J., Pritschet, L., Santander, T., Taylor, C., Grafton, S., Jacobs, E., & Carlson, J. (2021). Dynamic community detection reveals transient reorganization of functional brain networks across a female menstrual cycle. Network Neuroscience, 5(1), 125–144. https://doi.org/10.1162/netn_a_00169
Negelspach, D., Kennedy, K., Huskey, A., Cha, J., Alkozei, A., & Killgore, W. (2025). Mapping the neural basis of wake onset regularity and its effects on sleep quality and positive affect. Clocks & Sleep, 7(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep7010015
Smallwood, J., Bernhardt, B., Leech, R., Bzdok, D., Jefferies, E., & Margulies, D. (2021). The default mode network in cognition: A topographical perspective. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 22(8), 503–513. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-021-00474-4
Titone, S., Samogin, J., Peigneux, P., Swinnen, S., Mantini, D., & Albouy, G. (2023). Frequency-dependent connectivity in large-scale resting-state brain networks during sleep. European Journal of Neuroscience, 59(4), 686–702. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.16080
Valenta, S., Ventura, S., Benuzzi, F., Rizzello, F., Gionchetti, P., Ronchi, D., & Filippini, N. (2025). A heavy feeling in the stomach: Neural correlates of anxiety in Crohn’s disease. Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 37(7). https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.70029
Wang, X., Peters, E., Strelen, J., Lockhart, N., Franklin, M., LaBerge, S., & Erlacher, D. (2025). EEG microstates reveal distinct network dynamics in lucid and non-lucid REM sleep. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.12.637792
Yadav, A., & Purushotham, A. (2025). Cortical structure in nodes of the default mode network estimates general intelligence. Brain and Behavior, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70531
Yang, M. (2025). Study on large-scale brain network abnormalities in patients with beta-thalassemia. Brain and Behavior, 15(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70614
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Fasting is not simply a wellness trend; it is a deeply conserved biological behaviour observed across mammalian species. Feeding and fasting cycles in mammals are governed by circadian rhythms, the internal timekeeping systems that align physiological functions with the 24-hour light-dark cycle.