Magnesium Glycinate Buffered Preparation- (providing 20% Elemental Magnesium), Phosphatidylserine (FromSoy Lecithin powder), KSM-66® Ashwagandha Extract (12:1), Levagen+® (Palmitoylethanolamide, Polyglycerol Esters of Fatty Acids, Sunflower Lecithin, Oat Lecithin, Silicon Dioxide, Fractionated Coconut Oil, Olive Oil, Citrus Oil, DL Alpha Tocopheryl Acetate), L-Theanine, Zinc Picolinate, Nicotinamide, Calcium D-Pantothenate, Riboflavin, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Thiamine Hydrochloride, Folic Acid, D-Biotin, Cyanocobalamin, capsule shell (Hypromellose).

Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a phospholipid found in high concentrations in cell membranes, particularly in brain cells. Research suggests that PS may play a role in promoting better sleep quality and reducing the effects of stress on sleep.

Several studies have investigated the effects of PS supplementation on sleep parameters and sleep-related outcomes:

Improvement in Sleep Quality: A study published in the Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition found that supplementation with PS improved sleep quality in elderly individuals with sleep disturbances. Participants who took PS experienced improvements in sleep duration, sleep latency, and sleep efficiency compared to those who received a placebo.

Reduction in Stress-Related Sleep Disturbances: Research indicates that PS may help mitigate the effects of stress on sleep. Chronic stress can disrupt sleep patterns and contribute to insomnia. A study published in the journal Stress examined the effects of PS supplementation on sleep quality in individuals exposed to chronic stress. The results showed that PS supplementation helped improve sleep quality and reduce sleep disturbances in stressed individuals.

Regulation of Cortisol Levels: PS may also influence cortisol levels, which play a role in the sleep-wake cycle. Cortisol, often referred to as the stress hormone, is naturally elevated in the morning and declines throughout the day. However, disruptions in cortisol rhythms can impact sleep patterns. Research suggests that PS supplementation helps regulate cortisol levels, promoting a more balanced cortisol rhythm and improving sleep quality.

Enhancement of Cognitive Function: While not directly related to sleep, cognitive function is closely linked to sleep quality. Studies have shown that PS supplementation can improve cognitive function, including memory, attention, and concentration. By enhancing cognitive function, PS may indirectly contribute to better sleep quality by reducing cognitive arousal and promoting relaxation before bedtime.

- Supports well-being (*2)

- Supports against fatigue (*6)

- Adaptogenic herb.

KSM-66® Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal)

Research on KSM-66 Ashwagandha suggests its potential benefits in improving sleep quality and addressing sleep-related issues. Here are key findings from relevant studies:

Improved Sleep Quality: A study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology investigated the effects of Ashwagandha root extract, including KSM-66, on sleep quality in patients with insomnia. The results showed significant improvements in sleep quality and sleep onset latency after supplementation with Ashwagandha extract (Raut et al., 2012).

Reduced Cortisol Levels: Ashwagandha has been shown to modulate cortisol levels, which are closely linked to stress and sleep disturbances. A study published in the Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine found that Ashwagandha supplementation led to reductions in cortisol levels and improvements in sleep quality and relaxation (Chandrasekhar et al., 2012).

Enhanced Relaxation: Research published in Cureus investigated the effects of Ashwagandha on insomnia and anxiety. The study reported significant improvements in sleep quality and relaxation, as well as reductions in anxiety levels, following Ashwagandha supplementation (Langade et al., 2019).

Regulation of Thyroid Function: Some studies suggest that Ashwagandha may support thyroid function, which is important for maintaining healthy sleep-wake cycles. Although direct research on the link between Ashwagandha and sleep regulation through thyroid function is limited, Ashwagandha's potential thyroid-supporting effects may indirectly contribute to better sleep quality.

Neuroprotective Effects: Ashwagandha exhibits neuroprotective properties that may help protect brain health and function. While there is limited direct research on Ashwagandha's effects on sleep through neuroprotection, maintaining cognitive function and reducing factors contributing to sleep disturbances, such as cognitive impairment and anxiety, may indirectly benefit sleep quality.

- CBD alternative
- Highly bioavailable form of PEA (2)
- Improved joint function (1)
- Reduced levels of inflammation (1), (6)

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous fatty acid amide produced naturally in the body in response to injury and stress. It is found in lipid extracts of foods and plants such as egg yolk, peanuts and soybeans, as well as produced naturally in the body. Levagen+™ is a Trademark form of PEA manufactured by Gencor Pacific Limited. Using its Sister Company Pharmako Biotechnologies’s LipiSperse® delivery system, Levagen+™ demonstrates increased bioavailability and format versatility, especially in liquid (2.)

Lipisperse is a trademark of Pharmako Biotechnologies Pty Ltd”

Inflammation and the endocannabinoid system
Inflammation is the first biological response – the first immune mechanism to an external aggression of physical such as injury, toxic, chemical, or biological (virus and bacteria) agents . Levagen ® is an all-in-one ingredient that has been shown to potentially support joint health (1), sports recovery (3) and sleep.

Levels of PEA decrease in the body with age and during times of stress, inflammation or pain. Therefore, exogenous supplementation is needed to replenish depleted levels in the body. PEA may also influence the endocannabinoid system (4) and is thereby considered a safe and clinically-tested alternative to CBD.

For more details on levagen +(R) visit:
https://www.gencorpacific.com/ingredients/levagen

- Supports Immune system function (*3)
- Supports Psychological function *(12)
- Helps reduce oxidative stress. (*3)
- Supports healthy bones (*4)

Vitamin C genuinely is an amazing functional ingredient and whilst it is commonly used, it is also regularly neglected and overlooked. Vitamin C is a vital nutrient for health, it helps form and maintain bones, skin and blood vessels. Although it occurs naturally in some foods, many of us interested in maintaining a high level of performance and wellness, will supplement additional amounts in order to gain the potential additional benefits to our immune system (*5) and resilience, especially if we are undertaking periods of heavy physical and/or mental workloads.

- May aid relaxation (8)
- Amino acid found in green tea
- May help reduce stress (8)

L-Theanine is one of the main active ingredients found in green tea, alongside caffeine and green tea catechins. It may help reduce anxiety and promote relaxation without drowsiness. Reductions of perceived stress have been reported in human subjects given oral theanine. (8)

- Nervous system support
- Supports Psychological function (*10)
- Essential dietary mineral

Magnesium is a common mineral found in some foods like nuts and beans. We need this mineral for our bodies to stay in good overall health. Our bodies use magnesium in over 600 cellular reactions and it is necessary for every single cell, tissue, and organ in our bodies to function. Magnesium is a vital part in ensuring normal psychological function (*10) and helping the nervous system function correctly (*5), thereby helping your body and mind to perform optimally.

Uniquely, magnesium glycinate is known for its ability to affect our neurological health. Research has shown that 150 to 300 mg of magnesium glycinate taken a few times per day has shown marked improvement in cases of depression, anxiety, and memory loss.

All Magnesium supplements should be taken by mouth with or before meals/food to reduce the minor potential of stomach upset and always with a minimum of 250ml of water. Given that Pre Sleep ® contains Phospholipids like Phosphatidylserine and lipid precursors like Levagen ®, the likelihood of any stomach upset from Magnesium is reduced even further.

- Supports cognitive functioning
- Supports the immune system
- Supports healthy hormone levels

Zinc is found in cells throughout the body. It helps the immune system fight off invading bacteria and viruses. The body also needs zinc to make proteins and DNA, the genetic material in all cells. Zinc also contributes to normal cognitive function (*9).

We use zinc picolinate as it exhibits superior absorption to other forms of zinc.

B-Vitamin Complex: (Niacin, Riboflavin, Vitamin B6, Thiamine, Folic acid, Biotin, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid).

- Protect against oxidative stress (*6)
- Nervous system function (*6)
- Helps strengthen vision (*12)

B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism and synthesis of red blood cells. HMN 24 ® use a B-Vitamin blend across our range products, believing they are key components of optimal human performance. They are particularly vital to offsetting fatigue (*1) and protecting against oxidative stress (*6). Riboflavin has also been shown to be a vital part of ensuring our vision stays strong (*12), which is paramount whilst spending much of our day looking at blue light sources.